SUMMARIES OF THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES BASED ON WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED….

1) Super’s recognized that career grow up through the life span. It means career development is a long-life psychological and behavioral process and contextual which influences shaping one’s career over the life span. One of Super’s greatest contributions to career development has been his emphasis of the role self-concept development in career choices. Self-concept defined as our understanding our own self; what kind of person I have? What types of personality do I practice? What kind of abilities I have? Super recognized that the self-concept changes and develops throughout people’s lives as a result of experience. People successively refine their self-concept over time and application to the world of work creates adaptation in their career choice.

2) The second one is Holland’s Career Typology.
This theory was developed by John Holland. Holland’s theory is grounded in what he calls modal personal orientation or a developmental process established through heredity and the individual’s life history of reacting to environmental demands. Generally, individuals are attracted to a particular occupation that meets their personal needs and provides them satisfaction. In our culture, persons can be categorized as one of the following: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising or Conventional. There are six modal environments: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising and conventional. People usually search for environments that will let them exercise their skills and abilities, express their attitudes and values, and take on agreeable problems and roles. Behavior is determined by an interaction between personality and environment.

3) Lent, Brown and Hackett’s Social Cognitive Career Theory
The Social Cognition Career Theory (SCCT) has grown out by Albert Bandura’s Social
Cognitive theory. He attempts to address issues of culture, gender, genetic endowment, social context and unexpected life events that may interact with and supersede the effects of career-related choices. The SCCT focuses on the connection of self-efficacy, outcome expectations and personal goals that influence an individual’s career choice. Through an evolutionary process beginning in early childhood and continuing throughout adulthood, one narrows the scope to successful endeavors to focus on and form a career goal/choice.